Top 20 Technical Questions for Tech Lead /Salesforce Architect Interview – I

Salesforce Teach Lead and Architect has good experience working in Salesforce Architect. The interviewer will mostly ask scenario-based questions to understand the candidate’s skills in handling problems. This post will provide the Top 20 Technical Questions for the Tech Lead /Salesforce Architect Interview. There can be different answers as well based on your project experience.

Check the Below Posts for Salesforce Developer’s Interview Questions
20 Scenario-based Salesforce Developer Interview Question
Top 30 Scenario-Based Salesforce Developer Interview Questions

Q1: How would you design a data model for a project management application with Projects, Tasks, and Employees, considering that multiple employees can work on multiple projects?

Ans – Implement a many-to-many relationship between Projects and Employees using a junction object, such as ProjectAssignments. Tasks would then be related to Projects through a master-detail or lookup relationship, depending on whether you want tasks exclusively dependent on projects.

Q2: Describe how you would prevent recursive trigger execution.

Ans – Utilize a static variable in a helper class to flag when the trigger has already run. Before executing the trigger logic, check if the flag is set; if not, proceed with the logic and set the flag to prevent re-entry.

Q3. How would you create a Visualforce page that allows users to edit multiple records of a custom object at once?

Ans – Use an Apex controller to query and store the records in a list. Display this list on the Visualforce page using an <apex:pageBlockTable> or <apex:dataTable>, with input fields for editable fields. Use a command button to submit the updated list to the controller to update the records in bulk.

Q4. Explain how to construct a dynamic SOQL query to include optional filters based on user input.

Use a String to build the SOQL query, appending conditions based on the presence of user inputs. Use the String.escapeSingleQuotes() method to sanitize user inputs and prevent SOQL injection. Execute the query using the Database.query() method.

Q5. How do you properly test a batch Apex class that processes records based on a complex query?

In the test class, create test data that matches the criteria of the complex query. Use Test.startTest() and Test.stopTest() to ensure the batch job runs synchronously within the test context, then assert the expected outcomes on the processed records.

Q6. When would you use a future method versus a Queueable Apex class?

Use future methods for simple, fire-and-forget operations that don’t need to track execution state or chain multiple jobs. Use Queueable Apex when you need more flexibility, such as the ability to chain jobs or access class member variables.

Q7: How would you ensure a Lightning Component handles large datasets efficiently without hitting governor limits?

Implement server-side pagination and filtering in the Apex controller, only querying and returning the data necessary for the current view. Use Lightning Data Service where possible to cache data and reduce server calls.

Q8: Describe an approach for processing a large number of records in an Apex class without hitting governor limits.

Use batch Apex to process records in smaller batches, ensuring each batch stays within governor limits. Implement efficient SOQL queries and use collections judiciously to minimize memory consumption.

Q9: A Visualforce page is loading slowly due to many records. How would you optimize its performance?

Implement pagination to limit the number of records loaded at once. Use lazy loading if applicable, and optimize SOQL queries to retrieve only necessary fields. Consider asynchronous Apex or JavaScript remoting to load data in the background.

Q10: You need to integrate Salesforce with an external REST API that requires OAuth2 authentication. Describe the steps.

Use named credentials for endpoint URL and authentication settings. Implement an Apex class to construct HTTP requests, setting headers as needed. Handle response by parsing JSON and mapping data to Salesforce objects or fields. Use HttpRequest for calling the API and HttpResponse to process the response.

Q11: How would you use Custom Metadata Types to manage application configurations that vary by Salesforce org (e.g., sandbox vs. production)?

Create Custom Metadata Types to store environment-specific configurations, such as endpoint URLs or API keys. Use Apex to query these settings dynamically based on the org where the code is running, ensuring configurations adjust automatically to the environment.

Q12: Describe how to implement a requirement that automatically escalates Cases after they remain open for more than 48 hours without an update.

Use a Time-Based Workflow or Process Builder to trigger 48 hours after the Case’s LastModifiedDate. Check if the Case is still open; if so, update its status to ‘Escalated’ and notify the appropriate team or user.

Q13: How do you ensure custom Apex code and Visualforce pages adhere to Salesforce’s security best practices?

Follow the principle of least privilege in Apex by using with sharing keywords. Sanitize inputs in Visualforce using {!JSENCODE()} or {!HTMLENCODE()} to prevent XSS. Use System.runAs() in test classes to respect user permissions and sharing rules.

Q14: How would you refactor a complex Visualforce page to use Lightning Web Components (LWC)?

Analyze the Visualforce page to identify components that can be modularized. Create LWC for each modular functionality, leveraging JavaScript and Apex for dynamic data handling. Use Lightning Message Service if needed to communicate between components. Embed the LWCs in a Lightning App Page or use them directly in Lightning Experience.

Q15. What approach would you take to identify and resolve performance issues in a Salesforce org with extensive custom code?

Use the Developer Console and debug logs to identify slow-performing code segments or SOQL queries. Leverage the Salesforce Optimizer to get recommendations on org improvements. Consider using the Performance Profiler to analyze transaction times and pinpoint bottlenecks.

Q16: How can you customize the Salesforce Mobile App to add a custom action to records that integrates with an external service?

Develop a Lightning Component or LWC that implements the custom action logic, including calling the external service via Apex if needed. Use the Salesforce Mobile SDK to add the component as a custom action available in the Salesforce Mobile App’s record page layout.

Q17: A legacy Salesforce org has a complex data model that needs refactoring. What steps would you take to simplify the model without losing data integrity?

Analyze the current data model to identify redundant objects, fields, and relationships. Plan a new, simplified model that consolidates data where possible. Use data migration tools to move existing data to the new structure. Update reports, dashboards, and custom code to reflect changes. Test thoroughly to ensure data integrity and application functionality are maintained.

Q18: How would you implement a sharing model where only certain users can access records owned by a specific department, and exceptions are made for specific roles?

Use a combination of Organization-Wide Defaults (OWD), Role Hierarchies, Sharing Rules, and Permission Sets. Set the OWD to Private for the object, use roles to define departmental data access, create criteria-based sharing rules to grant additional access, and use permission sets for exceptions.

Q19: How do you customize the Lightning Experience navigation for different user profiles to optimize their workflow?

Use the Lightning App Builder to create custom Lightning Apps for different user profiles, defining unique navigation menus that include relevant items (e.g., objects, Visualforce pages, Lightning Components). Assign these apps to the profiles to ensure users have a tailored navigation experience.

Q20: Describe your approach to implementing CI/CD for a Salesforce project.

Set up a version control system (e.g., Git) for source code management. Use Salesforce DX for source-driven development and package-based deployments. Configure a CI/CD tool (e.g., Jenkins, GitHub Actions) to automate the build, test, and deployment processes based on triggers like pull requests or merges. Implement Apex tests to run as part of the CI pipeline, ensuring code quality and functionality before deployment.

Summary

By using these scenario-based questions and suggested answers to prepare for your Salesforce Tech Lead/Architect level interviews, you can show that you can apply Salesforce solutions to real-world business challenges.

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