Salesforce Tech Lead and Architects have good experience in the Salesforce platform. They should provide in-depth answers to the asked questions in the interview. These are 20 questions and answers that the Salesforce Tech Lead and Salesforce Architect Interview should know. You can provide different answers based on your domain experience.
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Q21: How do you ensure your Apex class respects field-level security for all users?
We can use the Schema.DescribeFieldResult methods, such as isAccessible(), isCreateable(), and isUpdateable(), to dynamically check field-level permissions before reading or writing to fields. This ensures the Apex code adheres to the security settings configured for each user.
Q22: Describe how you would design a system to synchronize Salesforce data with an external accounting system, ensuring data consistency.
We can implement an integration pattern, such as the “Remote Call-In” pattern with Platform Events for real-time synchronisation or the “Batch Data Synchronisation” pattern for less time-sensitive data. Salesforce sends outbound messages or callouts to push data updates, and the external system’s API is used to fetch or update data in Salesforce.
Q23: What strategies would you employ to manage and query large data volumes efficiently in Salesforce?
We can use the below strategies for this purpose
- Use skinny tables and indexes to improve SOQL query performance.
- Leverage the Salesforce Bulk API for large data operations.
- Consider implementing custom archiving solutions to move old data to Big Objects or an external database.
- Utilize the @ReadOnly annotation for reports or Visualforce pages that need to query large data sets.
Q24: How can you use Dynamic Apex to create more flexible and dynamic code that can adapt to changes in the Salesforce schema?
We can utilize the Schema methods and classes (like Schema.getGlobalDescribe(), sObjectType.getDescribe()) to dynamically access object and field metadata. This allows us to write dynamic code that queries and interacts with fields and objects without hard-coding API names, making the code more resilient to schema changes.
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Q25: When would you use Custom Settings over Custom Metadata Types in a Salesforce application?
Custom Settings are ideal for storing data that varies by organization or user and needs to be accessed efficiently in Apex without SOQL queries (e.g., user-specific preferences or settings). Custom Metadata Types are better suited for application configurations that need to be deployed between environments or accessed in validation rules, formula fields, and flows.
Check out the post-Custom Setting and Custom Metadata Type to understand the both features.
Q26: How would you design an integration that ensures idempotent behaviour when external systems call Salesforce APIs?
Idempotency is a property of operations or API requests that ensures that repeating the operation yields the same outcome as doing it once. Implement a system for tracking and storing unique transaction identifiers or hashes in incoming requests. Before processing a request, check if the transaction identifier already exists; if so, skip processing and provide the cached response to prevent the same activity from being repeated numerous times.
Q27: Describe your approach to customizing a Salesforce Community to match a company’s branding and enhance user experience.
Use the Community Builder to customize layouts and themes. Create custom Lightning Components or Visualforce pages to provide functionality that is not accessible out of the box. Use Audience Targeting to customise the user experience based on their role or profile. Ensure that any customisations meet web accessibility requirements.
Q28: What techniques would you use to optimize the performance of Apex test classes, especially when dealing with large test data sets?
Utilize Test.startTest() and Test.stopTest() to isolate test transactions and reset governor limits. Employ the @testSetup method to create shared test data for all test methods within a class. Minimize the use of SOQL queries and DML operations in test methods. Use mocking frameworks or stubs for testing callouts without making actual external calls.
Q29: How can you use Salesforce Platform Cache to improve the performance of a custom application?
Use Platform Cache to store regularly used data, such as configuration settings, user permissions, or session-specific data that does not change frequently. Accessing cached data minimises the need for frequent database queries, resulting in improved application performance.
Checkout our below post to use Cacheing in Salesforce
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Q30: How would you implement a complex business process that requires multiple decision branches, loops, and dynamic user inputs within Salesforce without writing custom Apex code?
Design the business process using Salesforce Flow. Use decision components for branching logic, loops for iterating across collections, and screen flows to capture user input. Use sub-flows to modularize the process and make it easier to manage
Provide answers to these types of questions based on your project experience.
Q31: How would you integrate Salesforce with a microservices architecture to synchronize customer data?
Use Salesforce’s Platform Events or Change Data Capture (CDC) to publish events when customer data changes. Microservices can subscribe to these events via CometD or Webhooks to get notifications and update their databases as needed. This method separates Salesforce from the microservices, allowing for a scalable and maintainable design.
Q32: Describe how to implement a custom authentication provider in Salesforce for a third-party OAuth2 service.
Create an Apex class that extends Auth.AuthProviderPluginClass and overrides methods for managing the OAuth2 flow (e.g., begin(), authorise(), getAccessToken(), refreshAccessToken()). Configure a Named Credential with the custom authentication provider, including the authorization and token endpoint URLs for the third-party service.
Q33: How would you design an event-driven architecture within Salesforce to automate business processes across multiple objects?
Use Platform Events and/or Change Data Capture (CDC) to broadcast events as specified data changes occur. Listen for these events with triggers or flows and then perform business logic, such as updating relevant records or initiating external integrations. This method allows for loosely coupled components that respond to data changes in real-time.
Q34: You are tasked with migrating complex relational data from a legacy system into Salesforce. Describe your approach to ensure data integrity and relationships are maintained.
We can implement the below steps for migrating data from a legacy system into Salesforce
- Begin by thoroughly mapping the legacy system’s data model to Salesforce, identifying how each entity and relationship corresponds to standard and custom objects in Salesforce.
- Use ETL tools to clean and transform data as needed.
- Perform the migration in stages, beginning with root objects and progressing to linked records, utilising external IDs to maintain linkages.
- Perform comprehensive testing at each level to verify data integrity.
Q35: Discuss how you would integrate Salesforce DX with a CI/CD pipeline for a collaborative development project.
Salesforce DX supports source-driven development, with source code controlled in a version control system like as Git. Configure a CI/CD tool (such as Jenkins, CircleCI, or GitHub Actions) to automate builds, run Apex tests, and publish changes to Salesforce Orgs depending on version control system events (such as pull requests and merges). Use scripts in the CI/CD pipeline to establish scratch orgs, push source code, run tests, and deploy to staging or production environments.
Q36: How do you ensure advanced security measures are implemented in Apex classes and Lightning Components handling sensitive data?
- In Apex, use the Schema.sObjectType methods and the sharing keyword to enforce CRUD/FLS tests.
- In Lightning Components, employ Locker Service to enforce component encapsulation and prevent unauthorised DOM access.
- When using lightning:outputField or other secure components to display data, ensure that it is sanitised.
- Use encrypted custom fields to store sensitive data, and use Platform Encryption where appropriate.
Q37: What strategies would you employ to optimize the performance and reliability of Salesforce callouts to external APIs?
- Use named credentials to simplify endpoint management and provide secure authentication.
- Use retry logic with exponential backoff to handle temporary errors.
- To avoid stopping execution, try using asynchronous callouts (for example, future methods, Queueable Apex).
- Reduce the amount of callouts by caching responses whenever possible.
- Monitor API restrictions and response times to alter callout techniques as necessary.
Q38: Describe best practices for developing performant and maintainable Lightning Web Components.
- Follow component-based architecture concepts, which involve breaking down the user interface into reusable components.
- Use wire service to efficiently retrieve data and respond to changes.
- Use client-side caching and lazy loading to improve performance.
- Follow LWC code guidelines, which include utilising const and let for variable declarations, modular JavaScript, and template directives for conditional rendering.
- Ensure component security and testability using proper unit tests.
Q39: How would you proactively monitor and maintain the health of a large Salesforce org?
- Use a regular Salesforce Health Check to check your security settings.
- Salesforce Optimizer provides insights into system constraints, customisations, and custom code.
- The Salesforce Lightning consumption App and System Overview pages allow you to monitor system performance and consumption.
- Create a method for periodically reviewing Apex test coverage, unneeded features, and deprecated components.
- Set up custom logging and monitoring for important business processes.
Q40: Explain how you design custom solutions in Salesforce considering its multi-tenant architecture.
- Design for scalability and efficiency, taking into account governor restrictions and code bulkification to manage big data volumes.
- Use asynchronous processing (e.g., Batch Apex, future methods) for large processes.
- Adopt Salesforce best practices for data modelling, sharing architecture, and security to guarantee that solutions are strong, safe, and perform well in a collaborative setting.
Summary
These advanced questions and scenarios address a wide range of Salesforce development topics, such as integration, architecture, security, and performance optimisation. Customizing your responses with particular examples from your experience will highlight your extensive understanding and competence with the Salesforce platform.
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